Escalators carry people from one floor to another. However, as with all machines, time takes its toll. Components wear out, and standards evolve. So, they fail to operate efficiently.
At this point, should you undertake escalator modernization or replace it? This decision primarily depends on several key variables, like age, performance, cost, and future usage expectations.
Life Expectancy
Most elevators last between 20 and 30 years, depending on their location and usage.
For instance:
In high-traffic environments, escalators are likely to wear out within 15 years. It is because these elevators handle more than 10,000 users daily. Conversely, a well-maintained escalator installed in an office building can last for up to four decades.
A few factors affecting the elevator’s life include:
- Number of users per day: More traffic speeds up mechanical deterioration.
- Past maintenance: Escalators that have been well maintained tend to age gracefully.
- Environment: Outdoor units are subject to weather stress. So, they age faster than those grown indoors.
Why Does Modernization Usually Make Sense?
Modernization involves upgrading certain internal systems while maintaining the integrity of the entire escalator system. This is a viable option when the truss is still sound, but the unit’s performance has declined due to the aging of its parts.
Benefits include:
- Lower capital investment than a full replacement
- Minor disturbance to building operations
- Prolonged life span for another 10-15 years
- Higher levels of passenger safety and greater ride comfort
- Energy efficiency and conservation through new motors and LED lighting
By modernizing outdated systems, energy consumption can be reduced by up to 40%. It can result in significant savings on operational costs.
When Full Replacement is Best
Full replacement of an escalator is preferable when:
- It breaks down constantly
- It fails to meet the capacity
- It is over three decades old
- Its truss or structural parts are compromised
- Its repairs are absurdly frequent and expensive
- You are about to undertake major renovations and/or reconfigurations
- Its capacity needs have changed significantly
A complete replacement provides a bright, new installation of the highest design and technological standards, to comply with current building and safety code requirements. It also provides flexibility for layout modifications, which is especially useful if you intend to redesign the space flow in a lobby or concourse.
Naturally, full replacement tends to be logistically more complicated—demolition, floor restoration, and crane access—but with an old or, most often, structurally compromised system, it is the only viable option.
Two Practical Modernization Paths
#1 Modular Modernization
Selected mechanical and electrical components are modernized, but the truss remains intact. It is less invasive and suitable in cases where the structure is sound but the internal systems require rejuvenation. It is also preferable as it allows the escalators to remain partially operational during refurbishment.
#2 Full Replacement Within Existing Truss
Complete inside replacement, including steps, chains, motors, and control systems. However, the original truss is retained. Its main advantage is to limit civil work and building modifications. Though more expensive than modular, it is faster and cleaner than full demolition of the system.
Making the Right Choice
Factors to consider when deciding on modernization or replacement:
- Is the current unit older than 20-25 years?
- Are maintenance costs steadily rising?
- Is the escalator noisy?
- Have safety requirements changed?
If the escalator has several working parts but is underperforming, modernization is a better option. However, if it is structurally outdated, replacement is an ideal alternative.
Closing Thoughts
An elevator is a vital component of a building’s infrastructure. If they have given up on you, the ripple effect is instant. You will notice a delay in movement leading to sudden halts that endanger the safety of users.
Investing in your vertical mobility system, whether through elevator modernization or full replacement, offers many long-term benefits. The right solution strikes a good balance of performance, safety, budget, and a clear vision for the future.